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SENTENCJE I DEFINICJE
Leges bonae ex malis moribus procreantur , Nullum crimen sine culpa, Lex posteriori generalis non derogat legi priori , Facta non praesumuntur, sed probantur , Audiatur et altera pars , Inter arma silent leges , Pacta sunt servanda, Clara non sunt interpretanda , Lex severior retro non agit , Lex non obligat nisi promulgata , Servitus in faciendo consistere nequit, Cui ius est donandi, eidem et vendendi, et concedendi ius est , Superficies solo cedit , Hereditas viventis non datur , Furtom sine affectu furandi non committitur , Impossibilis condicio pro non scripto habetur , Alterius contractu nemo obligatur , Lex est, quo populus iubet atque constituit , Servitutibus civiliter utendum est, Impossibilium nulla obligatio est , Ei incumbit probatio qui dicit, non qui negat , Nullum crimen sine lege , Necessitas non habet legem , Ignorantia iuris nocet, facti non nocet, Adoptio naturam imitatur , Argumenta non numeranda, sed ponderanda sunt , Si in ius vocat, ito, Actus simulatus nullius est momenti , Nemo iudex idoneus in propria causa , Nulli res sua servit, Bis de eadem re agere non licet , Vim vi repellere licet
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Lekcja pierwsza
a research worker, MSc studies, postgraduate studies, a PhD student/doctoral student, a den, educational background, a scholarship, BA, BSc studies (undergraduate studies), an academic year, a lecturer, a defenee of master's/doctoral thesis, an examing board, a thesis/a dissertion, an exam session, RhD, a campus, a scientific circle, BSc, to obtain/get a degree in the field of, classess, extensive knowledge, in the field of, to graduate from, MA, the humanities, TA, a maintenance grant, MSc, experlise, a examiner of a thesis, a syllabus
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Rzym 2
Mala fides superveniens non nocet, cui ius est domanti, eidem of vandendi, et concedenti ius est, Nulli res sua servit , Nomina ipso iure divisa, imposibilium nulla obligato est, impossibilis condiciu pro non scripto habetur, Legatum est donatio testamento relicta, Servitus in faciendo consistere nequit, furtom sine affectu furandi non committitur, Mora debitoris perpetuat obligationem , Superficies solo cedit , adoptio naturam imitatur, Mora trahit periculum, Servitus servitutir esse non potest, Is fecit, cui prodest, Nemo iudex idoneus in propria causa , Servitutibus civiliter utendum est, actus simulatus nullius est momenti, cum reus moram facit, et fideiussor tenetur, Summum ius summa iniuria, Prior tempore potior iure, errantis voluntas nulla est
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Rzym 3
Actus simulatus nullius est momenti, Mala fides superveniens non nocet, Lex severior retro non agit, Non omne quod licet honestum est, Lex non obligat nisi promulgata, Impossibilium nulla obligatio est, Mora debitoris perpetuat obligationem, Leges bonae ex malis moribus procreantur, Lex superior derogat legi inferiori, Nullum crimen sine culpa, Mala fides superveniens non nocet, Pacta sunt servanda, Accessio cedit principali, Servitutibus civiliter utendum est, Alterius contractu nemo obligatur, Errantis voluntas nulla est
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unit 1
deal ; a formal agreement, especially in business or politics, decay ; if a building or an area decays, its state gradually gets worse because it has not been looked after, glamour ; a special quality that makes a person, place, or situation seem very exciting, attractive, or fashionable, naked ; not wearing any clothes , weapon ; an object that can be used to hurt people or damage property, for example a gun, knife, or bomb, be crazy about ; be very enthusiastic about something, swap ; the process of giving one thing in exchange for another , resist ; to stop yourself from doing something that you would very much like to do, be into; to be interested in and enjoy an activity or subject, the good thing is ; used for talking about the positive aspect of a bad thing or situation, accessory ; a small thing such as a piece of jewelry or a pair of shoes that you wear with clothes to give them more style, a thing of the past ; something which no longer exists or happens, finally ; after a long time, process, or series of events, at first ; in the beginning before something changes, in stock ; if goods are in stock, they are available to buy in a store or shop, dark horse ; someone with a secret, especially a secret ability, skill, or achieve ment, that surprises you when you finally discover it, supporter ; someone who likes to watch a particular sports team and wants that team to win, weird ; strange and unusual, sometimes in a way that upsets you, outgoing ; someone who is outgoing is friendly and enjoys meeting and talking to people, it’s just one of those things ; used to say that you cannot prevent or change a situation or an event, memorabilia ; objects that you collect because they belonged to someone famous or are connected with something that interests you, lacking ; if something important or useful is lacking, it does not exist or is not available, dismiss ; to refuse to accept that something might be true, passion ; a strong enthusiasm or interest, hunter; someone who is looking for a particular type of thing, spooky ; frightening in a way that makes you nervous because it involves things that do not seem natural and cannot be explained by, script ; the written words of a play, film, television programme, speech etc, paintball ; an outdoor game in which people shoot each other using guns that fire pellets filled with paint, tempting ; if it is tempting to do something, something seems like a good idea but is probably wrong, reveal ; to show something that was covered or hidden, set up ; to make a piece of equipment ready for use, applicant ; someone who applies for something, such as a job or a loan of mo ney
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angielski
flock of ; a group of birds, sheep, or goats, ironically ; used for saying that a situation has developed in an unexpected and sometimes humorous way, face facts ; used for saying that someone has to accept the truth, although it is unpleasant, saint ; someone who the Christian church officially honours after their death because they have lived an especially holy life. Saint is often written as St before a person’s name, out of hand ; not well controlled, red setter ; a breed of dog with reddish fur, iridescent ; showing changing colours in different types of light, cruel ; cruel events or situations make people suffer in a way that seems unfair, cold-blooded; deliberately cruel and showing no emotion, hound ; a dog of any type, rip ; to make a hole in something using force, draw the line ; to say that you will definitely not allow or accept something, silk ; thin smooth cloth made from the fibres produced by an insect called a silkworm, inquisitive ; keen to learn about a lot of different things, bury ; to put something in the ground and cover it with earth, ivory ; the yellowish-white bone that an elephant’s tusks are made of, indulge ; to allow someone to do what they want or enjoy, estate ; a very large area of land that belongs to one person, usually with a very big house on it, round the bend ; to become crazy, livid ; extremely angry, obedient ; doing what a person, law, or rule says that you must do, vaccine ; a substance put into the body, usually by injection, in order to provide protection against a disease, scarlet ; bright red in colour, lovely ; kind, pleasant, and easy to like, habitat ; the type of place that a particular animal usually lives in or a particular plant usually grows in, for example a desert, forest, or lake, trial ; the process of examining a case in a court of law and deciding whether someone is guilty or innocent. When a case comes to trial, it is brought to a court and the person who has been accused o, puppy ; a very young dog, beak ; the hard curved or pointed part of a bird’s mouth, napkin ; a piece of cloth or paper used for protecting your clothes and wiping your mouth and hands while you are eating, conservationist ; someone who works to protect the environment from damage or destruction, insane ; very stupid or crazy, especially in a way that is likely to cause serious problems, harm, or injury, menace ; someone or something that is dangerous and likely to cause harm
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angielski
cruel ; someone who is cruel enjoys causing pain to other people or animals, or enjoys making them unhappy or upset , bare ; a part of your body that is bare is not covered by any clothes, ensure ; to make certain that something happens or is done , harm ; injury, damage, or problems caused by something that you do, frail ; physically weak and not very healthy H, prone to ; likely to do something or be affected by something, especially something bad , conditioned ; if someone is conditioned by their experiences or by another person, they are influenced by them so that they think or behave in a particular way , folks ; people , hole ; a space in the surface of something that goes partly or completely through it , stick ; a thin piece of wood that has been broken or cut from a tree , course ; one of the parts of a meal , reverend ; a title used for some Christian priests and ministers , anxious ; worried because you think something bad might happen, genetic ; relating to genes, or to the study of genes , rattler ; a rattlesnake , cruelty ; behaviour that deliberately causes pain to other people or animals, or that makes them unhappy or upset , equality ; the state of being equal, especially in having the same rights, status, and opportunities , bravery ; brave behaviour , round-up ; an occasion when animals or people are forced to gather together in one place, sacking ; rattlesnake sacking is a sport in which people try to get live rattlesnakes into a sack without being injured , freedom ; the right to do what you want, make your own decisions, and express your own opinions , tale ; a story about imaginary events or people , openness ; an honest way of talking or behaving in which you do not try to hide anything , overturn ; to say officially that something such as a decision or law is wrong and change it , cautious ; careful to avoid problems or danger, balance ; a situation in which different aspects or features are treated equally or exist in the correct relationship to each other , reverse ; to change the order or development of events, a process, or a situation to be the opposite of what it was , harmful ; causing harm, drop in ; to make a short visit somewhere , acupuncture ; a medical treatment from China that involves putting special needles into particular parts of the body , courageous ; very brave and determined, treat (sb) ; to use medicine or medical methods to cure a patient or an illness
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ETYKA DEFINICJE
art 115 par 13 KK, Zbiór norm i reguł postępowania obowiązujących przedstawicieli danego zawodu, Wzorzec, model etycznego postępowania, przyjęty dla danej grupy zawodowej, czasami zwany etosem , Nauka o moralności, która stawia sobie za zadanie analizę i filozoficzne uzasadnienie faktów moralnych, z których można by wyprowadzić normy ludzkiego postępowania, Zespół przeświadczeń o tym co dobre i złe, pociągający za sobą akceptację lub negatywną ocenę postępowania , Sytuacja, w której funkcjonariusz publiczny lub inna osoba uprawniona do wystawiania dokumentów, poświadcza w nim nieprawdę w sprawie okoliczności mającej znaczenie prawnej , Nadużycie zajmowanego stanowiska przez faworyzowanie oparte na nieformalnych powiązaniach. Nieuczciwe lub nieoficjalne pobieranie znajomych zwykle mające im umożliwić osiągnięci korzyści materialnych , Skodyfikowany zbiór norm etycznych, określający sposób postępowania i zachowania człowieka w danej dziedzinie życia publicznego, Nadużycie zajmowanego stanowiska poprzez faworyzowanie oparte na pokrewieństwie , Korzyść osiągana dla siebie, innej osoby fizycznej lub prawnej, jednostki organizacyjnej nie mającej osobowości prawnej lub grupy osób, Zespół zasad i obowiązków zawodowych, dział etyki traktujący o obowiązkach moralnych i o tym co decyduje o moralnej wartości czynu, Przestępstwo polegające na nielegalnym przywłaszczeniu sobie cudzych własności lub zatrzymaniu pewnego mienia, ujawnienie lub wbrew przepisom ustawy wykorzystanie informacji stanowiących tajemnicę państwową , Sytuacja, w której osoba sprawująca funkcję publiczną podejmuje decyzje w sprawie, w rozstrzygnięciu której z jakichś powodów jest zainteresowany , Pośredniczenie w załatwieniu sprawy w zamian za korzyść majątkową lub obietnicę jej otrzymania
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Agielski
velvet ; cloth that is very soft on one side and smooth on the other, deep-rooted ; a deep-rooted feeling, belief, idea etc is strong and you have had it for so long that it is difficult to change, look through ; to read something quickly, especially to find the information you need, syndrome ; a medical condition that has a particular set of effects on your body or mind, brand ; a product or group of products that has its own name and is made by one particular company. The word for a machine or vehicle made by one particular company is a make, swear ; to use words that are deliberately offensive, for example because you are angry with someone, encapsulate ; to express something in a short clear form that gives the most important facts or ideas, safety pin ; a curved pin with a cover that the sharp point goes into when it is fastened, rip off ; to cheat someone, especially by charging them too much money for something, dumb ; stupid, complexion ; the appearance of the skin on someone’s face, and whether it is pale, dark, smooth etc, defect ; a fault in someone or something, aftershave ; a liquid with a strong pleasant smell that a man puts on his face after shaving, rush ; to hurry to do something, studded ; decorated with metal studs, beard ; hair that grows on a man’s chin and cheeks, nuts ; crazy, blow ; to spend a lot of money quickly on things that you do not need, pimple ; a small red lump on your skin, especially on your face, abnormal ; not usual or typical, especially in a way that is worrying or that shows there may be something wrong or harmful, flared ; wider at one end, the look; the expression that you have on your face or in your eyes, phase ; a particular period of time during the development of something, manifestation ; evidence that something exists or is present, quiff ; the front part of a man’s hair shaped so that it is higher than the rest, well-off ; rich, or having enough money to live well, Goth ; someone who follows a type of fashion that was first popular in the 1980s, in which people have black clothes, black hair, very white make-up and dark lipstick, influential ; able to influence the way other people think or behave, bully ; someone who frightens or hurts someone who is smaller or weaker than they are, rejection ; a refusal to accept, approve, or support something, bound to ; something that is bound to happen will almost certainly happen, dye ; to change the colour of something such as clothing or your hair using dye
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ANGIELSKI
slight ; small in size, amount, or degree, set about ; to begin doing something, especially in a determined or enthusiastic way, catch up with ; to improve in order to reach the same standard or rate as someone or something, billionaire ; someone who has more than a billion pounds or dollars, suspend ; to officially stop something for a short time, turn (sb/sth) down ; to not accept an offer or request, depression ; a feeling of being extremely unhappy, comply ; to obey a rule or law, or to do what someone asks you to do, charm ; the quality of being pleasant or attractive, faint ; to suddenly become unconscious for a short time, and usually fall to the ground, self-portrait ; a picture of you that you draw or paint yourself, cover ; the outside page at the front or back of a book or magazine, juvenile ; relating to young people who have committed a crime or who are accused of committing a crime, put forward ; to offer an idea, opinion, reason, etc, especially so that people can discuss it and make a decision, crawl ; if an insect crawls, it moves forward using its legs, set up ; to start something such as a business, organization, or institution, best-seller ; a book that many people buy, whoever ; used for saying that it does not matter who is involved in something because the result or the situation will be the same, however used when you are saying something that seems surprising after your previous statement, or that makes your previous statement seem less true, vending machine ; a machine that you can buy things from, for example cigarettes, sweets, or drinks, calendar ; a set of pages showing the days, weeks, and months of a particular year, rate ; the speed at which something happens within a particular period of time, logo ; a symbol that represents an organization or company, used for example in its advertisements or on its products, pill ; a small piece of solid medicine that you swallow with water, commit suicide ; to deliberately kill yourself, wherever ; everywhere or anywhere where someone does something or where a particular situation exists, slip ; to go somewhere, especially quickly and quietly without people noticing you or stopping you, fuel ; to make something increase or become worse, especially something unpleasant, pregnant ; if a woman is pregnant, she has a baby developing inside her body, come up with ; to think of something such as an idea or a plan, godsend ; something that you are very grateful for because it helps you in a difficult situation, overly ; very much, or too much
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ANGIELSKI
centre-right ; if a party is centre-right it is right-wing but not very strongly , engineer ; someone who designs or builds things such as roads, railroads, bridges, or machines, Member of Parliament ; someone who people have elected to represent them in a parliament. Members of Parliament are usually called MPs, magnum ; a large bottle that holds 1.5 litres, democratic ; involving elections in which people vote for their political representatives, oversee ; to watch something in order to check that it works or happens in the way that it should, offensive ; unpleasant or insulting, and likely to make people upset or embarrassed, posting ; a message sent over the Internet to a newsgroup etc, suffragette ; in the UK and US, a woman who took part in public protests about giving women the right to vote in the early 1900s, elect ; to choose someone by voting so that they represent you or hold an official position, press charges ; to officially accuse someone of committing a crime, macho ; behaving in a way traditionally considered typical of a man, for example by being strong and willing to fight, and by hiding your feelings, quota system ; a system in which someone has to do or have a certain amount of something, secretarial ; relating to the work or skills of a secretary, close range ; only a short distance away, or separated by only a short distance, sure as hell ; used for saying that something is very certain, ashamed ; feeling guilty or embarrassed because you have done something wrong, or think that you have not reached a standard that people expect, provoke ; to deliberately try to make someone angry, grant ; to allow someone to have or do what they want, mess (sth) up ; to make something dirty or untidy, compulsory ; something that is compulsory must be done because of a rule or law, cruise ; to sail in a ship for pleasure, especially to a series of places, humiliating ; making you feel very embarrassed and ashamed, scribble ; to write something quickly and carelessly, childcare ; the job of looking after children, especially while their parents are working, red-faced ; with a red face, because of being embarrassed, angry, or hot, grounds ; a reason for what you say or do, or for being allowed to say or do something, promptly ; used for saying that someone does something immediately after doing another thing when this is surprising, alienate ; to make someone feel that they do not belong in a place or group, horrified ; very shocked or frightened, socialism ; a political system that aims to create a society in which everyone has equal opportunities and in which the most important industries are owned or controlled by the whole community, discrimination ; unfair treatment of someone because of their religion, race, or other personal features