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SENTENCJE I DEFINICJE
Summum ius summa iniuria , Alterius contractu nemo obligatur , Si in ius vocat, ito, Servitutibus civiliter utendum est, Lex superior derogat legi inferiori, Actor sequitur forum rei , Nullum crimen sine lege , Bis de eadem re agere non licet , Prior tempore potior iure , Lex retro non agit , Actus simulatus nullius est momenti , Corruptissima republica plurimae leges , Lex est, quo populus iubet atque constituit , Is fecit, cui prodest, Lex severior retro non agit , Nemo iudex idoneus in propria causa , Cui ius est donandi, eidem et vendendi, et concedendi ius est , Absentem in criminibus damnari non oportet , Mulier familiae suae et caput et finis est , Nomina ipso iure divisa, Superficies solo cedit , Tres faciunt collegium, Lex posterior derogat priori , Servitus servitutir esse non potest, Quot genrationes, tot gradus , Hereditas viventis non datur , Nemo plus iuris ad alium transferre potest, quam ipse habet , Clara non sunt interpretanda , In dubio pro reo , Cum reus moram facit, et fideiussor tenetur , Leges bonae ex malis moribus procreantur , Inter arma silent leges
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Lekcja pierwsza
a rector, RhD, a seminar, to specialize in/to major in, MSc, to do intership, MSc studies, TA, a scholarship, an exam session, a research worker, a dormitory/hostel, to graduate from, a PhD student/doctoral student, BA, a certificat of completion, to do a project on, lab classes, extensive knowledge, a thesis/a dissertion, to get a credit, extremal studies, BSc, a trance, MA, standarts of teaching, the humanities, a examiner of a thesis, BSc studies (undergraduate studies), an academic year, a resit/a retake/repeat/make up a exam, skills
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Rzym 2
Servitutibus civiliter utendum est, errantis voluntas nulla est, impossibilis condiciu pro non scripto habetur, Nulli res sua servit , imposibilium nulla obligato est, Nemo iudex idoneus in propria causa , cui ius est domanti, eidem of vandendi, et concedenti ius est, Prior tempore potior iure, Servitus servitutir esse non potest, adoptio naturam imitatur, furtom sine affectu furandi non committitur, cum reus moram facit, et fideiussor tenetur, Mora debitoris perpetuat obligationem , Is fecit, cui prodest, Legatum est donatio testamento relicta, actus simulatus nullius est momenti, Mora trahit periculum, Nomina ipso iure divisa, Servitus in faciendo consistere nequit, Summum ius summa iniuria, Superficies solo cedit , Mala fides superveniens non nocet
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Rzym 3
Non omne quod licet honestum est, Mala fides superveniens non nocet, Errantis voluntas nulla est, Impossibilium nulla obligatio est, Pacta sunt servanda, Mora debitoris perpetuat obligationem, Alterius contractu nemo obligatur, Servitutibus civiliter utendum est, Nullum crimen sine culpa, Leges bonae ex malis moribus procreantur, Mala fides superveniens non nocet, Lex severior retro non agit, Lex superior derogat legi inferiori, Accessio cedit principali, Actus simulatus nullius est momenti, Lex non obligat nisi promulgata
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unit 1
due to ; if something is due to happen, it is expected to happen or should happen, eventually ; at the end of a process or period of time in which many things, resist ; to stop yourself from doing something that you would very much like to do, car boot sale ; a market where people sell things that they do not want from the back of their car, lacking ; if something important or useful is lacking, it does not exist or is not available, at the beginning; in the first part of an event or process before something changes, pastime ; something that you do regularly for fun in your free time, wardrobe ; the clothes that someone has, prospective ; likely to be or become a particular thing, initially ; at the beginning, spooky ; frightening in a way that makes you nervous because it involves things that do not seem natural and cannot be explained by, blood-donating ; allowing some of your blood to be taken from you so that it can be used in t he medical treatment of someone else, goods ; a stone or plastic model of a gnome (an imaginary little man in children’s stories who wears a pointed hat and can do magic), used in gardens for decoration, backstage ; in the area behind the stage in a theatre, including the rooms where the actors get dressed, hang around ; to spend time in a place waiting or doing nothing, voluntary ; voluntary work is done for no pay, weird ; strange and unusual, sometimes in a way that upsets you, set up ; to make a piece of equipment ready for use, finally ; after a long time, process, or series of events, swap ; the process of giving one thing in exchange for another , attend ; to be present at an event or activity, accessory ; a small thing such as a piece of jewelry or a pair of shoes that you wear with clothes to give them more style, fan ; someone who likes watching or listening to something such as a sport, films, or music very much, or who admires a famous or important person very much, be crazy about ; be very enthusiastic about something, you're kidding ; used to say that someone is saying something that is not true, especially as a joke, lawn ; an area of grass that is cut short, especially in someone’s garden, junk ; old, broken, or useless things, scary ; making you feel frightened, naked ; not wearing any clothes , at first ; in the beginning before something changes, draw a line between ; to keep two things separate, confess ; to admit something about yourself that you would not normally tell people because you are embarrassed about it or they could be disappointed by it
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angielski
busker ; someone who performs music in the streets and other public places for money, stunning ; very impressive or beautiful, hutch ; a structure for keeping small animals in, especially rabbits, butt in ; to join a conversation or activity without being asked to, mildly ; to put it mildly is used for saying that the words you have chosen are not as extreme as they could have been, stick ; a long, thin piece of wood that has been broken or cut from a tree, unhygienic ; not clean, and likely to cause disease, rope ; a type of very thick string that can be used for tying or pulling things, get rid of ; to take action that stops something annoying, unpleasant, or not wanted from affecting you, get on with it ; to give your time to something and make progress with it, logging ; the work of cutting down trees for wood, need (your) head examined ; to seem to be crazy or to be doing stupid things, insane ; very stupid or crazy, especially in a way that is likely to cause serious problems, harm, or injury, red setter ; a breed of dog with reddish fur, predator ; an animal that kills and eats other animals, lead ; a long thin piece of material attached to a dog’s collar so that it can be controlled in a public place, tame ; someone who is tame obeys other people or is afraid of them, silk ; thin smooth cloth made from the fibres produced by an insect called a silkworm, get along ; if people get along, they like each other and are friendly to each other, punishment ; a way in which someone is punished, vicious ; extremely violent, ivory ; the yellowish-white bone that an elephant’s tusks are made of, tortoise ; an animal that walks slowly and can pull its head and legs into the shell on its back, curtsey ; if a woman curtsies, she shows her respect for someone by bending her knees with one leg behind the other as a formal greeting, petition ; a document signed by many people that asks someone in authority to do something, livid ; extremely angry, counter ; to reply to a criticism or statement that you disagree with, playful ; lively and full of fun, logger ; someone whose job is to cut down trees, Cuddly; a cuddly person or animal is attractive and makes you want to cuddle them, especially because they look soft or round, round the bend ; to become crazy, mayor ; the most important elected official in a town or city
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angielski
harm ; injury, damage, or problems caused by something that you do, victim ; someone who has suffered as a result of the actions or negative attitudes of someone else or of people in general , insure ; to regularly pay an insurance company an amount of money so that they will give you money if something that you own is damaged, lost, or stolen, or if you die or are sick or injured , scout ; a boy or girl who is a member of the Scouts, an organization that encourages boys and girls to learn practical skills and help other people , medium-rare ; meat that is medium-rare has been cooked for a short time so that it is still slightly red in the middle , overemphasize ; to treat something as more important than it really is , herpetologist ; someone who scientifically studies amphibians and reptiles I spoke to herpetologist, Chick Ferragamo, who introduced me to my first rattler., short-changed ; if someone is short-changed, they do not receive back enough money for something they have paid for after they have paid more than the full price for the things , regardless ; without being affected or influenced by someone or something , mass ; involving or affecting a large number of people , culminate ; to happen or exist as the final result of a process or situation , hypnosis ; a very relaxed state in which you seem to be sleeping but can still react to someone else’s suggestions , interstate ; existing or taking place between states, especially between the states in the US or Australia , cruel ; someone who is cruel enjoys causing pain to other people or animals, or enjoys making them unhappy or upset , bossy ; someone who is bossy keeps telling other people what to do, in a way that annoys them , brave ; capable of dealing with danger or pain, without seeming to be frightened , phobia ; a very strong feeling of disliking or being afraid of someone or something , back ; to give support to a person, organization, or plan, making them more likely to succeed , rule ; to officially control or govern a country or area, bravery ; brave behaviour , segregation ; the policy of keeping people from different groups, especially different races, separate. Integration is the policy of bringing these groups together , liberty ; the freedom to think or behave in the way that you want and not be controlled by a government or by other people , principle ; a basic belief, theory, or rule that has a major influence on the way in which something is done, fang ; one of the long pointed teeth that some animals have, for example snakes, dogs, and tigers , timid ; shy and nervous , ensure ; to make certain that something happens or is done , prey ; an animal that is caught by another animal and eaten , tail ; a part at the back of an animal’s body that can move , cautious ; careful to avoid problems or danger, needle ; a very thin sharp metal tube used for putting medicine or drugs into your body, or for taking blood out. It is attached to a plastic tube called a syringe , anxious ; worried because you think something bad might happen, pass down ; to give knowledge or teach skills to your children or to younger people
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ETYKA DEFINICJE
Nauka o moralności, która stawia sobie za zadanie analizę i filozoficzne uzasadnienie faktów moralnych, z których można by wyprowadzić normy ludzkiego postępowania, ujawnienie lub wbrew przepisom ustawy wykorzystanie informacji stanowiących tajemnicę państwową , Pośredniczenie w załatwieniu sprawy w zamian za korzyść majątkową lub obietnicę jej otrzymania , Zespół przeświadczeń o tym co dobre i złe, pociągający za sobą akceptację lub negatywną ocenę postępowania , Wzorzec, model etycznego postępowania, przyjęty dla danej grupy zawodowej, czasami zwany etosem , Skodyfikowany zbiór norm etycznych, określający sposób postępowania i zachowania człowieka w danej dziedzinie życia publicznego, art 115 par 13 KK, Sytuacja, w której funkcjonariusz publiczny lub inna osoba uprawniona do wystawiania dokumentów, poświadcza w nim nieprawdę w sprawie okoliczności mającej znaczenie prawnej , Zespół zasad i obowiązków zawodowych, dział etyki traktujący o obowiązkach moralnych i o tym co decyduje o moralnej wartości czynu, Nadużycie zajmowanego stanowiska przez faworyzowanie oparte na nieformalnych powiązaniach. Nieuczciwe lub nieoficjalne pobieranie znajomych zwykle mające im umożliwić osiągnięci korzyści materialnych , Korzyść osiągana dla siebie, innej osoby fizycznej lub prawnej, jednostki organizacyjnej nie mającej osobowości prawnej lub grupy osób, Nadużycie zajmowanego stanowiska poprzez faworyzowanie oparte na pokrewieństwie , Zbiór norm i reguł postępowania obowiązujących przedstawicieli danego zawodu, Sytuacja, w której osoba sprawująca funkcję publiczną podejmuje decyzje w sprawie, w rozstrzygnięciu której z jakichś powodów jest zainteresowany , Przestępstwo polegające na nielegalnym przywłaszczeniu sobie cudzych własności lub zatrzymaniu pewnego mienia
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Agielski
scruffy ; untidy or dirty, rough ; difficult and with a lot of problems, influential ; able to influence the way other people think or behave, the look; the expression that you have on your face or in your eyes, inspire ; to give someone the idea for a piece of work, spotlight ; a situation in which you get a lot of public attention, commune ; a group of people who live together and share work, food, income, and possessions, legend ; someone who very many people know about and admire, safety pin ; a curved pin with a cover that the sharp point goes into when it is fastened, hidden agenda ; a secret reason for doing something, because you will get an advantage from it, short-lived ; lasting for a short period of time, waistcoat ; a piece of clothing without sleeves that is usually worn over a shirt, blemish ; a mark or spot that spoils the appearance of something, quiff ; the front part of a man’s hair shaped so that it is higher than the rest, insecure ; not confident about yourself, catalogue ; a book containing information organized in a specific way, and often containing pictures, reasonable ; used about people’s decisions, actions etc, grease ; to put grease on something, tanned ; someone who is tanned has darker skin than before because of spending time in the sun, ponytail ; long hair that is tied at the back of the head and hangs down, puberty ; the stage of development when a child changes physically into an adult, psychiatric ; connected with the treatment of mental illness, provocative ; intended to start arguments between people or to make people angry or upset, sneer ; to speak in an unpleasant way that shows you do not respect someone or something and you think you are better than them, incomprehensible ; impossible to understand, fit in ; to be accepted by a group of people because you are similar to them, disapproval ; a feeling of not approving of someone or something, range ; a group of products of the same type that a particular company makes or that a particular store sells, catwalk ; the raised area at a fashion show that the models walk along, feminine-looking ; with an appearance that is traditionally considered to be typical of women, rip off ; to cheat someone, especially by charging them too much money for something, cynical ; someone who is cynical believes that people care only about themselves and are not sincere or honest
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ANGIELSKI
glance ; to look somewhere quickly and then look away, jug ; a container from which you pour liquids such as water or milk. The usual American word is pitcher, best-seller ; a book that many people buy, set up ; to start something such as a business, organization, or institution, mural ; a large painting done on a wall, put forward ; to offer an idea, opinion, reason, etc, especially so that people can discuss it and make a decision, slight ; small in size, amount, or degree, needle ; a small thin metal tool that is used for sewing. It has a sharp point at one end and a hole at the other, self-portrait ; a picture of you that you draw or paint yourself, stain ; a mark left accidentally on clothes or surfaces, quote ; the price that someone says they will charge you for doing a particular piece of work, detention centre ; a special prison for young people, abstract ; abstract art expresses the artist’s ideas or feelings rather than showing the exact appearance of people or things, tireless ; working very hard without stopping, worldwide ; happening or existing all over the world, get away with ; to manage to do something bad without being punished or criticized for it, collection ; works of art that are kept together, for example in a museum, maggot ; a small soft creature with no arms or legs that later changes into a fly. Maggots are found in old meat and dead bodies., dealer ; a person or company that buys and sells a particular product, comply ; to obey a rule or law, or to do what someone asks you to do, still life ; a type of art that represents objects rather than people, animals, or the countryside, budget ; the amount of money a person or organization has to spend on something, perfectionist ; someone who always wants things to be done perfectly, warden ; someone whose job is to be responsible for a particular place or thing, and who checks that rules are obeyed, melt ; to change a solid substance into a liquid, turn (sb/sth) down ; to not accept an offer or request, retire ; to stop working, especially when you reach the age when you are officially too old to work, depression ; a feeling of being extremely unhappy, curator ; someone whose job is to look after the objects in a museum, building site ; a place where something is being built, reputation ; the opinion that people have about how good or how bad someone or something is, slip ; to go somewhere, especially quickly and quietly without people noticing you or stopping you
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ANGIELSKI
refer to (sth) ; to describe something, or to be about something, realism ; the ability to accept events and situations as they really are and to deal with them in a practical way, mess (sth) up ; to make something dirty or untidy, philosophical ; relating to philosophy, union ; an organization that represents the workers in a particular industry and tries to improve pay, conditions etc, close range ; only a short distance away, or separated by only a short distance, acutely ; used for emphasizing that a feeling, often an unpleasant one, is very strong, ballot paper ; a ballot that you write your vote on, provoke ; to deliberately try to make someone angry, red-faced ; with a red face, because of being embarrassed, angry, or hot, nationalism ; the wish for political independence of a group of people with the same language, culture, history, etc., moderate ; reasonable and avoiding extreme opinions or actions, blank ; blank paper or a blank space is empty and contains no writing or other marks, get the sack ; to lose your job, especially for doing something wrong, outcome ; the final result of a process, meeting, activity, etc, pessimism ; the attitude of someone who thinks that the worst thing will happen in every situation, foot and mouth disease ; a very infectious disease of sheep, cows, and pigs, squirm ; to look or feel embarrassed and uncomfortable, commit to ; to promise to do something, candidate ; one of the people competing in an election, quota system ; a system in which someone has to do or have a certain amount of something, elitism ; the belief that a small group of people who have a lot of advantages should keep the most power and influence, resign ; to state formally that you are leaving a job permanently, Member of Parliament ; someone who people have elected to represent them in a parliament. Members of Parliament are usually called MPs, horrified ; very shocked or frightened, elect ; to choose someone by voting so that they represent you or hold an official position, own up to (sth) ; to admit that you have done something bad or embarrassing, polling station ; a building where people go to vote in an election, philosophy ; the study of theories about the meaning of things such as life, knowledge, and beliefs He studied politics and philosophy., turnout ; the number of voters in an election, scribble ; to write something quickly and carelessly, determine ; to control what something will be